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The oxidation of primary alcohols to carboxylic acids is an important oxidation reaction in organic chemistry. When a primary alcohol is converted to a carboxylic acid, the terminal carbon atom increases its oxidation state by four. Oxidants able to perform this operation in complex organic molecules, featuring other oxidation-sensitive functional groups, must possess substantial selectivity. The most common oxidants are potassium permanganate (KMnO4), Jones reagent, PCC in DMF, Heyns oxidation, ruthenium tetroxide (RuO4) and TEMPO. ==Potassium permanganate== (詳細はdioxane, pyridine, acetone or ''t''-BuOH. KMnO4 will readily react with a carbon - carbon double bond before oxidizing a primary alcohol. Normally, these oxidations are performed under strong alkaline conditions using a ca. 1N NaOH or KOH solution, because this promotes a greater oxidation speed and selectivity. In substrates sensitive to strong base, the reaction can be carried out at a lower pH – or even under acidic conditions — at the cost of a greatly decreased reaction velocity. KMnO4 is decomposed in water, resulting in formation of manganese dioxide (MnO2) and gaseous oxygen. This decomposition is catalyzed by acid, base and MnO2. As the extent of this decomposition is difficult to estimate during the oxidation of primary alcohols, the quantity of KMnO4 must be adjusted during the oxidation by adding it sequentially until the oxidation is complete. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Oxidation of primary alcohols to carboxylic acids」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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